Males with the classic form of the disorder have one extra X chromosome. Klinefelter syndrome is associated with a group of chromosomal disorders in males in which one or more extra X chromosomes are present. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis: Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of XYY syndrome. There is a higher rate of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and a smaller increased risk for having an autism spectrum disorder. In some cases, affected individuals develop behavioral problems such as an explosive temper, hyperactivity, impulsivity, defiant actions, or, in some cases, antisocial behavior. Reading difficulties are common due to an increased incidence of dyslexia. Learning disabilities have been reported in up to 50 percent of cases, most commonly speech delays and language problems. Affected boys may exhibit mild delays in reaching developmental milestones. Besides the potential for increased height, most affected individuals typically have a normal physical appearance (phenotype).īoys with XYY syndrome typically have normal intelligence, although, on average, IQ is 10 to 15 points lower than siblings. Fertility and sexual development are normal. Some individuals with XYY also develop severe cystic acne during adolescence. The most common physical difference is increased height, which usually becomes apparent after the age of five or six, and results in an average height of about 6 feet, 3 inches by adulthood. Thus, males with this condition are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Although the first years of school may be more challenging for boys with XYY syndrome, they generally go on to lead full, healthy, and normal lives.Ĭharacteristics of XYY syndrome are often subtle and do not necessarily suggest a serious chromosomal disorder. Because these boys are at a higher risk for having learning disabilities, they may benefit from speech therapy, tutoring, and general awareness of the specific issues they struggle with. Although individuals with XYY syndrome have an increased risk for learning disabilities and behavioral problems, they are not overly aggressive, nor are they at an increased risk of any serious mental illness. Recent studies have shown that this is not the case. It was sometimes called the super-male disease because men with this syndrome were thought to be overly-aggressive and lacking in empathy. In the past, there were many misconceptions about this disease. Intelligence is usually in the normal range, although IQ is on average 10-15 points lower than siblings. Additional symptoms may include learning disabilities and behavioral problems such as impulsivity. Many experience severe acne during adolescence. Affected individuals are usually very tall. However, individuals with this syndrome have one X and two Y chromosomes. Males normally have one X and one Y chromosome. It is caused by the presence of an extra Y chromosome. XYY syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects males.
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